Valley irrigation systems

Types of valley irrigation systems

A valley irrigation system may suit different agricultural goals. Here are typical varieties that business buyers may consider.

• Wheeled sprinklers

  Usually, wheeled sprinkler irrigation consists of a long pipe with a series of nozzles mounted on it. Each irrigation wheel has two to four wheels positioned at its ends and a central segment. For every irrigation cycle, the system is relocated by pulling the back tractor or irrigating equipment. The major approach of relocation is to move it, usually along a marked channel, into a different designated irrigation area. In general, this irrigation system is affordable, flexible, easy to operate, and well-suited for growing numerous crops on various soil types.

• Drip irrigation

  The valley floor (drip/surface) irrigation system operates by applying water directly to the root zone of each plant uniformly via drip tubing laid on the ground. The controlled and exact water supplied enhances high returns. Additionally, this method usually results in a water conservation rate, low weed occurrence, and better crop quality. A few drawbacks include lengthy initial expenditures, frequent maintenance of clogging emitters, and other system components.

• Trickle irrigation

  Trickle irrigation, sometimes referred to as drip irrigation, is a method of watering plants that uses precise, regulated quantities of water applied directly to the roots. Valley trickle irrigation systems can be used in open fields and greenhouse settings. The water is delivered through small pipes or tubing with regularly spaced holes or emitters. This method of irrigation is very efficient since it minimizes water loss due to evaporation or runoff. It can also boost crop growth and productivity by supplying water and nutrients directly to the plants. Valley trickle irrigation systems can be employed in arid regions where water is limited and optimal irrigation is critical for agricultural success. Field crop production, fruit tree orchards, vegetable greenhouses, and nursery plant propagation are typical applications.

• Surface Irrigation

  Surface irrigation, also known as flood irrigation, is a method of watering crops in which water is allowed to flow freely over the land to soak into the soil. Surface irrigation is the most traditional and common method of irrigating fields and is typically used in furrowed or bordered fields. Water flows by gravity into channels or furrows formed between crop rows. The amount of water that infiltrates each row is determined by the slope and length of the slope of the field. Surface irrigation is commonly used in growing grain, pulpy fruit, and cotton crops in level and sloping terrain. Typical issues with surface irrigation include weed growth, erosion, and the non-uniform distribution of water.

Specifications and maintenance of valley irrigation systems

Valley systems have distinct specifications that business buyers should know to select the right equipment for their projects. Below are some key valley irrigation system specifications:

• Typical Length:
  Valley irrigation systems' piperangs are often between 200ft and 2000ft long. The ideal length for a valley system depends on the irrigated land's size and shape. Longer lengths allow a faster irrigation rate, while shorter ones are more flexible and easier to reposition.
• Wheel Size:
  The wheels that support the moving irrigation systems usually have a diameter of between 48 and 96 inches. Larger wheels enable the system to traverse rough terrain more easily, while smaller wheels provide better depth control for watering crops.
• Drive Type:
  Valley irrigation systems typically have a motor-driven, gearbox-driven, or clock-driven mechanism. The motor-driven option gives more speed and flexibility, while the other two provide simpler operation and lower costs but with less control over the irrigation rate.
• Spacing:
  Bayley tube spacings are usually between 8ft and 36ft apart along the rail. Wider spacing gives better airflow and reduced disease but provides less daily irrigation. Closer spacing provides more water to the crops but may increase disease due to poor air circulation.

Maintaining a valley irrigation system properly helps it run smoothly and water crops effectively. Here are some important valley irrigation system maintenance tips:

• Weekly Walkthrough:
  Take a walking tour of the machine at least once every week. During the walkthrough, examine the tubing and other components for signs of wear, damage, or leaks. Ensure all fasteners are tight. This routine check will help identify potential problems earlier before they worsen, thus saving them from costly repairs.
• Weekly Greasing:
  At least once every week, apply lubricant to the moving parts of the valley system, which may include the wheel bearings, gearboxes, and drive assemblies. Regular greasing prevents excessive friction between parts, prolonging their lifespan.
• End-of-season Inspection:
  At the end of every irrigation season, conduct a thorough inspection of the entire valley system. During this time, clean all components and lubricate necessary parts. Replace worn out or damaged components as needed. Further, store the system in a dry, protected location out of harsh weather conditions. End-of-season maintenance helps prepare the system for the following season while prolonging its life span.

Scenarios of valley irrigation systems

The V-shaped valleys of most valley irrigation systems make them suitable for various crops and terrain types. Here are a few irrigation system applications for valleys.

• Large-scale agricultural irrigation

  Valley irrigation systems are very useful for grazing pastures, large farms, and fields where water cannot be easily accessed. Rotating sprinkler hoses irrigate crops efficiently and evenly by following preprogrammed irrigation paths for extended periods. This automated irrigation can also be used for large fruit and nut-tree orchards, wheat and other cereal fields, and berry and vegetable gardens.

• Precision irrigation

  Valley sprinkler irrigation systems can be equipped with advanced technology, such as soil moisture sensors. This allows precise irrigation depending on the needs of the crop, maximizing efficiency and minimizing waste. Adjustable sprinkler heads also allow custom irrigation based on different crop needs and varying field conditions.

• Irrigation for varied crop growth stages

  With valley irrigation systems, different crops in separate soil moisture conditions can be planted within the same field. The system can be easily adjusted to provide the required irrigation for crops at different heights and rooting depths.

• Irrigation for fertile but difficult-to-access land

  Valley irrigation systems are well-suited for irrigating fertile but difficult-to-access land, such as sloping, erodible, hilly, or remote rocky areas where conventional irrigation systems are not feasible.

• No-till or conservation farming

  Overhead sprinkler irrigation allows for convenient planting in soil where crop residue can be left to prevent erosion and improve soil quality. Valley irrigation systems enable conservation tillage systems that maintain soil structure and moisture levels.

How to choose valley irrigation systems

Both farm owners and wholesale buyers need to evaluate several factors about the valley irrigation system before making their choices. It is important to match these factors with the farm's needs and the crops' requirements.

• Farm size

  The zip and center pivot systems work well on large farms. On the other hand, the water wheel irrigation method is suitable for small farms with limited space. Consider the zip line system for expansive acres and the water wheel method for compact farmlands.

• Terrain

  For flat areas and gentle slopes, a central pivot system is good for irrigation, while a line drive system works well on uneven and hilly terrains. The lateral move method is also ideal for making flexible irrigation systems.

• Crop type

  Match the irrigation method with the crops grown. Some irrigation systems can adjust how much water is given to each crop. Dust mulch crops only need irrigation at a certain level, while all other crops may need full irrigation. Sprinklers give irrigation at different levels. Umbrella sprinklers give irrigation over large areas, while tube sprinklers give irrigation at the base of the crop.

• Labour and management

  Consider how much work is needed to set up, run, and take care of the irrigation system. Any irrigation setup that needs a lot of manual work may not be suitable for large commercial farms where workers are limited.

• Water source and pressure

  Each irrigation system needs a minimum water pressure to work well. Determine the water pressure on the farm and choose a suitable irrigation system. Valley systems work best in areas with a steady flow of water.

Valley irrigation systems FAQ

Q1: What works better, a pivot or spray irrigation system?

A1: A spray irrigation system gives flexibility in irrigating various crops and can be adjusted to different weather conditions. However, a spray irrigation system may require more energy and involve higher operating costs than a pivot irrigation system that travels and covers large areas. A spray irrigation system may work better for small plots, dense planting, and hard-to-reach areas.

Q2: What are the most important valley irrigation system components?

A2: The valley irrigation system's key components include the pivot tube, sprinklers, driver system, gearboxes, tower risers, water pump, pressure regulator, and timer. Each component plays a distinct and crucial role in the smooth and efficient functioning of the irrigation system.

Q3: What is the lifespan of a center pivot irrigation system?

A3: The lifespan of a center pivot irrigation system is up to 20 years with regular maintenance and care.

Q4: Can the valley irrigation system be automated?

A4: Yes, the valley irrigation system can be automated with the help of sensors and timers. Automation will give convenience, precision, and efficiency to the irrigation system.