Fpv video transmitter

Types of FPV video transmitters

An FPV video transmitter is a device that converts video signals from a camera into radio waves and beams them back to the receiver. It is one of the key components of a First Person View (FPV) system. There are two kinds of FPV video transmitters: digital and analog FPV video transmitters.

• Analog FPV Video Transmitter

Traditional analog systems have been used in FPV for many years. The analog video signal is the same technology used in radio-controlled planes and extends the range by using a protocol called amplitude modulation. The most common video frequencies are 5.8 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 1.2 GHz. However, 5.8 GHz is the most popular due to its size, weight, and simplicity. A typical video transmitter has 40 channels for pilots to choose from. The transmitter power output ranges from 25mW to 800mW. The lower power 25mW is the maximum legal power for most countries. The range is typically up to 5 km for 25mW and over 10 km for 800 mW. However, the higher power transmitters are more likely to cause interference. The difference in range is negligible. The latency is less than 10 ms, which is good. However, the video quality is not as good as digital video.

• Digital FPV Video Transmitter

Many pilots are now switching to digital FPV systems, which offer higher video quality and more robust signal transmission. One significant advantage is the low latency of around 21-28ms, providing a more immediate and responsive video feed. Digital systems also use adaptive frequency hopping to automatically find and switch between clear channels, reducing the chances of interference for a more stable connection. While analog systems typically operate on 5.8GHz, digital FPV systems use a lower frequency, typically 2.4GHz. This lower frequency can penetrate obstacles better, making it useful for close-range or indoor flying. However, this lower frequency can also reduce the range compared to analog systems. Digital FPV systems also require more bandwidth, so the range is often limited to around 2-4km.

One of the most popular digital FPV systems is the DJI Digital FPV System. It consists of the DJI FPV Air Unit Module, Camera, and Goggles. The DJI Air Unit Transmitter uses 5.8 GHz and offers a maximum transmission range of up to 2.5 miles (4 km) when unobstructed, although typical ranges are often much shorter. The DJI system also supports dual frequency, allowing pilots to use a separate 2.4 GHz control link for their transmitter while still receiving video on 5.8 GHz.

Functions and features of FPV video transmitters

FPV video transmitters have a wide range of features to enhance their performance and user experience. Here are some of them:

• Power Output

This is the strength of the signal that the transmitter sends to the receiver. The power output can be low, medium, or high. Low power output is ideal for indoor setups because it covers short distances without interference. Medium-output power is perfect for long-range flights. It provides a reliable link without causing too much interference. The high output covers the longest range but can cause interference and reduce image quality.

• Smart Audio and Tramp Telemetry

Smart audio is a communication protocol that allows a pilot to change video transmitter settings using the radio control link. It is useful for changing channels and power levels without needing physical access to the transmitter. Tramp telemetry is a feature that sends transmitter information back to the flight controller. It makes it easy for the pilot to see and change the video transmitter settings from the controller.

• Channel Selection

FPV video transmitters can transmit video over different radio frequencies. They come with a built-in feature for selecting the channels to use. Some transmitters have a single channel, while others can use multiple channels. Pilots need to make sure their receiver can receive the same channel as their transmitter. Most transmitters have 40 channels, which allows the transmitter and receiver to be connected to the same frequency.

• Microphone

Some FPV video transmitters have a built-in microphone. The microphone records the surrounding audio and then transmits it back to the receiver. This allows the pilot to enjoy real-time audio feedback of the flight. It adds another layer of immersion to the FPV experience. The sound of the motors and propellers can be heard through the speakers, making the pilot feel like they are actually inside the drone.

• Digital HD

Some advanced FPV video transmitters use digital high-definition video transmission technology. This provides a much clearer and more detailed video feed than traditional analog transmitters. Digital HD transmitters offer better resolution, less latency, and more reliable signal transmission. However, they tend to cost more than the analog ones.

Applications/Scenarios

• Drone Racing:

Drone racers use the FPV video transmitter to live stream from their drone's camera to their goggles during races. Both the racers and spectators can have a thrilling experience because they can see the view of the drone racing path through the live stream video.

• Freestyle FPV Flying:

Many people who love this hobby may use the FPV video transmitter to live stream from a drone. The audience can enjoy the breathtaking views from a drone's perspective during the flight by watching the live streaming video through the goggles.

• Cinematography and Photography:

For professionals and enthusiasts in aerial cinematography and photography, the FPV video transmitter can be used to view live video feeds from the drone's camera, allowing for real-time framing and composition adjustments to capture stunning aerial shots.

• Security and Surveillance:

Law enforcement agencies and security companies may use the FPV video transmitter for security and surveillance applications. They can use the transmitter to provide real-time video feeds for monitoring, reconnaissance, and situational awareness in areas that are difficult or dangerous to access.

• Search and Rescue:

In search and rescue operations, the FPV video transmitter can be used to provide aerial recon via drones equipped with cameras. This allows the rescue team to survey the area, locate missing persons, and assess the situation from a safe distance.

• Infrastructure Inspection:

Engineers and inspectors can use the FPV video transmitter to conduct aerial inspections of infrastructure such as bridges, pipelines, and power lines. Real-time video feeds from the drone's camera enable them to identify potential issues, assess the condition of the structure, and make informed decisions without the need for manual inspection.

How to Choose an FPV Video Transmitter

When selecting an FPV video transmitter for drones, it is crucial to consider factors such as the power output, frequency band, channels, and the type of connector.

The power output of an FPV video transmitter is an essential factor to consider. Pilots who fly at long distances or race around other pilots should consider transmitters with a higher output power like 800mW or 1000mW. Those who fly for fun or take footage should consider those with lower output power like 25mW or 200mW. Lower output power is enough for pilots flying quite far from themselves, but higher output power is needed by pilots flying around other pilots. The Federal Communications Commission also requires that transmitters have a maximum output power of 600mW.

When selecting an FPV video transmitter for drones, it is also important to consider the frequency band. The two most common frequency bands for video transmission are 5.8GHz and 2.4GHz. The 5.8GHz band is more popular because it offers better video quality and less latency. However, it has a shorter range and is more affected by obstacles. The 2.4GHz band, on the other hand, has a longer range and is less affected by obstacles but has more latency and lower video quality. Pilots who fly freestyle or race around other pilots should use a 5.8GHz transmitter, while those who fly long distances or in wooded areas should use a 2.4GHz transmitter.

An important factor to consider when selecting an FPV video transmitter is the number of channels. Most transmitters come with 32 or 40 channels. 32-channel transmitters can only transmit on 32 different frequencies, while 40-channel transmitters can transmit on 40 different frequencies. 40-channel transmitters are more versatile because they can work with more receivers and goggles. However, pilots who only fly in the US should use a 32-channel transmitter because it is cheaper. The extra channels on a 40-channel transmitter are only allowed in other countries, so they are not necessary for US pilots. To use a 32-channel transmitter, pilots need to make sure that their goggles and receivers support one of the 32 channels it can transmit on.

The type of connector is another important factor to consider when choosing an FPV video transmitter. The two most common types of connectors are SMA and RP-SMA. SMA (Sub-Miniature Version A) connectors are male on the transmitter and female on the antenna, while RP-SMA (Reverse Polarity SMA) connectors are female on the transmitter and male on the antenna. It is essential to use the same type of connector on the transmitter and antenna; otherwise, they will not fit together. Some transmitters come with an SMA connector, while others come with an RP-SMA connector.

Fpv video transmitter Q&A

Q1: How does an FPV video transmitter work?

A1: An FPV video transmitter works by capturing video signals from the drone's camera and converting them into a radio frequency signal. This signal is then transmitted wirelessly to the FPV receiver, which displays the live video feed on a monitor or FPV goggles.

Q2: What range can an FPV video transmitter reach?

A2: The range of an FPV video transmitter depends on various factors, including the transmitter power output, antenna type, and environmental conditions. In general, FPV systems can provide reliable video transmission over distances ranging from several hundred meters to several kilometers.

Q3: What are the regulations for using FPV video transmitters?

A3: The regulations for using FPV video transmitters vary from country to country. In most places, there are specific frequency bands allocated for FPV use, and power output limits that must be adhered to. Additionally, operators may be required to obtain a license or registration for certain types of FPV equipment. It's important to check the local regulations and guidelines before using an FPV video transmitter to ensure compliance with the law.

Q4: How to choose the right FPV video transmitter?

A4: When choosing an FPV video transmitter, several factors should be considered, such as the intended application, frequency band, power output, and antenna options. Additionally, it's essential to select a transmitter that is compatible with the FPV receiver and other equipment being used. Ideally, buyers should look for transmitters from reputable brands that offer good quality and reliability, as well as customer support.

Q5: What are the common issues with FPV video transmitters?

A5: Common issues with FPV video transmitters include signal interference, poor reception, range limitations, and signal loss. To mitigate these problems, buyers should ensure proper installation, use high-quality antennas, and select suitable frequency bands. Additionally, performing regular maintenance and testing can help identify and address any issues.