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Evergreen irrigation refers to the irrigation systems that provide continuous irrigation to crops or gardens irrespective of the climatic conditions. Some types of evergreen irrigation models assist in the uniform distribution of water to plants. They ensure that even the plants most distant from the water source receive sufficient water.
Drip irrigation
Drip irrigation is the type of ever-giving irrigation system that dispenses water drop by drop at the plant root zone through emitter or dripper loops. A well-planned drip irrigation system can continuously irrigate crops, even in areas with low rainfall or high evaporation rates.
Sprinkler irrigation
The sprinkler irrigation system mimics natural rainfall by throwing water in the form of sprinkles towards the plants like a shower. Through the proper selection and management of sprinkler heads and pressure, crops can be continuously irrigated, even in hot and dry conditions where evaporation is high.
Subsurface irrigation
Subsurface irrigation is an evergreen irrigation system that supplies water below the soil surface. Water is put through buried drip tubing or porous pipes. This system provides crops with continuous watering, even in areas with high evaporation or saline soils, which can reduce salt accumulation in the root zone.
Sandwich irrigation
Sandwich irrigation provides even water distribution. It is a relatively new irrigation method Works by installing a permeable geo-textile layer in the sub-soil or sandwiching a thin layer of artificial sub-surface material between two layers of soil. This geo-textile layer can be used to transfer water and nutrients to the plants' root systems. It assists in the even distribution of water and can be used to apply fertilizers directly to the crops' roots. This irrigation method is environmentally friendly. It reduces water wastage and ensures optimal use of resources by directly supplying water and nutrients to the plants.
Underwater irrigation
Underwater irrigation, also known as aquifer irrigation, is an evergreen irrigation system that utilizes water rising from a buried perforated tube or pipe to irrigate crops. This method allows for the direct watering of plants from below, minimizing evaporation and improving water-use efficiency. Underwater irrigation systems can provide continuous water supplies to crops while reducing runoff and environmental impact.
Specifications of an evergreen irrigation system may vary depending on the type and model chosen. The following are typical specifications along with their descriptions.
Flow rate
The amount of water that an irrigation system can deliver in a given period is called its flow rate. This is usually indicated in gallons per minute (GPM) or liters per second (LPS). The flow rate determines the amount of water a tree can receive. Sufficient water flow ensures effective watering.
Pressure
The working pressure of an evergreen irrigation system indicates the pressure at which the irrigation equipment operates. It is usually measured in pounds per square inch (PSI) or kilopascals (kPa). A proper pressure level helps to distribute the water evenly and ensures that sprinklers or nozzles function properly.
Coverage area
This refers to the areas that an evergreen irrigation system can cover. It is usually expressed in square feet or hectares. The coverage area highlights the maximum number of plants or land that a system can water at a time, thereby indicating its applicability to different agricultural scales.
Frequency and duration of watering
The automatic control functions of some evergreen irrigation systems allow users to set the watering frequency and duration. This highlights the number of watering each day or week and the time length of each watering. These parameters allow users to adjust the watering schedule according to the needs of the plants or the changing weather.
Here are some general maintenance tips to keep an evergreen irrigation system in good working condition.
Regular inspection
Make an overall inspection of the irrigation system regularly based on the suggested maintenance schedule. Check if each part is functioning and if there are any signs of wear or damage. It is important to find and solve potential problems as soon as possible.
Cleaning
For the evergreen watering system, it's important to keep each part clean. Clean out the debris or mineral deposits that may accumulate, such as filters, nozzles, and pipes. This helps prevent clogging and ensures water flow.
Equipment lubrication
For the movable components of the irrigation system, such as valves and reducers, it's important to lubricate them regularly to keep them functioning well and to make it easier for users to operate and control them.
Fittings maintenance and replacement
The connections and fittings of the evergreen irrigation system should be maintained and checked regularly. Tighten and replace them if any signs of leakage or damage occur. This helps prevent water leakage and ensures system integrity.
System optimization
As plants grow or environmental changes, users may need to adjust and optimize the parameters of the evergreen irrigation system, such as watering duration, frequency, and amount, etc. These adjustments help the system to better meet plants' needs and improve water use efficiency.
Agriculture and horticulture
Drip irrigation's controlled water distribution makes it a preferred technique for growers of both trees and field crops, as well as ornamental plants, vegetables, and fruits. By using drip irrigation, farms and gardens can efficiently use water by gradually supplying it at the root zone, thereby enhancing plant development and yields even in places where there are water shortages or irregular rainfall patterns.
Greenhouses and nurseries
The precise watering control that drip irrigation offers is useful for greenhouse producers and nursery operators. Drip irrigation systems can provide consistent and controlled watering to seedlings, transplanted plants, and mature crops cultivated in greenhouses and nurseries, assuring optimal growth conditions and reducing the risk of overwatering or underwatering.
Orchards and vineyards
Drip irrigation is a common practice in orchards and vineyards where fruits, including grapes, apples, citrus fruits, and others, are cultivated. While conserving water, irrigation systems provide the adequate amount and timing of water essential for fruit development, quality, and yields.
Landscape and public spaces
Drip irrigation is applicable not only for the efficient use of water but also for the well-maintained supply of water to gardens, parks, golf courses, and roadside landscaping. Utilizing a drip irrigation system, landscape designers and maintenance operations can ensure plant survival, growth, and aesthetic value in public and recreational green spaces while minimizing water wastage and encouraging sustainability.
Desert and arid regions
In semi-arid and arid regions, where water is a limited resource, drip irrigation is an essential technology. It enables the cultivation of crops, afforestation, and desert land reclamation, resulting in increased food production and enhanced environmental sustainability in harsh climates.
Indoor or controlled environment agriculture
Drip irrigation is an indoor farming technique that provides a simple and effective way to cultivate crops in urban zones. This technique allows urban agriculture by means of automated watering systems. These systems guarantee urban dwellers access to fresh produce while minimizing the amount of water utilized and the space required for growing. Indoor farming centers often rely on drip irrigation solutions to facilitate the development of vegetables and other crops.
In general, drip irrigation systems are versatile and effective solutions for optimizing water use and promoting plant growth in a wide range of settings and situations related to agriculture and the preservation of natural resources.
Some tips for choosing the right irrigation system are as follows:
Property Size:
The size of the property has a huge role in determining the ideal irrigation system. Smaller properties tend to work well with simple systems like soaker hoses or drip irrigation, which are affordable and easy to install. Larger areas, especially if they are planted with a diverse selection of plants, may require something more advanced such as a well-designed drip irrigation system, sprinklers, or an automatic underground system for effective coverage.
Plant Willingness:
The kind of plants grown on the property should also influence the choice of irrigation system. Gardens with delicate or moisture-loving plants are better served by drip irrigation. This allows slow, gentle watering at the root level. On the other hand, open spaces containing hardy plants can take sprinklers delivering water to their foliage and the ground.
Water Pressure:
The effectiveness of an irrigation system depends on it. Drip irrigation works well at low pressure at a minimum flow rate, while sprinklers need sufficient pressure to cover areas correctly. Properties with limited water pressure may find drip systems more suitable than sprinklers because they lack the required pressure for proper functioning.
Budget:
Budget considerations also affect the choice of irrigation system. Drip irrigation systems cost less to install than underground automatic sprinkler systems, which tend to be more expensive. However, underground sprinklers save time in the long run by eliminating the need for manual watering, so they're worth the higher initial cost for some people.
Q1: How does an evergreen irrigation system work?
A1: An evergreen irrigation system delivers water to plants' roots through a network of tubes and emitters. The water is delivered slowly and steadily, mimicking natural rainfall and preventing runoff.
Q2: What plants are compatible with an evergreen irrigation system?
A2: An evergreen irrigation system is versatile and can be used with various plants, including trees, shrubs, flowers, vegetables, and lawns. Nonetheless, plants should be placed based on their water requirements to avoid under or over-watering.
Q3: How long can an evergreen irrigation system go without water?
A3: The duration an evergreen irrigation system can go without water depends on the plants' needs, soil moisture, and weather conditions. In most cases, irrigation systems should be activated within a week to prevent plant stress and mortality.
Q4: How efficient is an evergreen irrigation system?
A4: An evergreen irrigation system is very efficient. If correctly designed and maintained, it can use as low as 0.5 gallons per hour per plant. This efficiency is attributed to the slow and precise water delivery at the plant's roots.
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